Wednesday, February 14, 2024

The History of Currency

 



9000 BC LIVESTOCK

To Barter or Not  to Barter

Contrary to popular belief, the idea that bartering pre-dates the invention of other forms of currency is now seen as unlikely. 1 The reason? Bartering is extremely inefficient. Historically, people have  engaged in a barter economy as a supplement to other  forms of payment.

With the rise of agriculture, other animals like cattle, sheep, camels and other livestock, along with sacks of grain were used as a traditional "stores of value".  Cattle were even called as "capitale" in latin, which is where we get the word "capital".2


1300 BC COWRIE SHELLS

Cowrie shells are the small, colorful shells of a certain type of sea snail found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and have been used as currency all over the world. Individually or strung on necklaces, they represented everything useful in a currency: small, divisible, and durable.3


700-600 BC COINS

Alternative Shapes

Besides the lumps of gold and silver in Turkey, the earliest coins took on shapes of knives and  spades.4

The first coins were put into use in seventh century Turkey. Not exactly round, they were small lumps of a gold and silver micture called electrum, often stamped with a pattern on one side.  Despite their irregular shapes, early coins were held to a strict  weight standards.5


600 AD PAPER GOODS

In addition to the first paper money, China also invented  the first "banknotes," made of leather. One foot square decorated with patterns and a fringed border, princes were required to purchase these notes at a price of 400,000 copper coins, and to present gifts to the emperor on them.6

The Tang Dynasty of China was the one to put paper money into use, nearly 500 years before it caught on to Europe. But early experiments were not without pitfalls,: china went through financial crisis when the  paper money production grew until its value bottomed out, causing massive inflation.7


1800 THE GOLD STANDARD

Through the Nose

The phrase "through the nose" has its origin in ninth century Ireland. when the Danes conquered the island, they took census by "counting noses"  imposing high taxes on each "nose."8

Britain was the first country to adopt the gold standard as the fixed value of their currency.  Germany, France and the U.S. followed suit in 1870s. By 1937, in the wake of the Great Depression, not a single country remained fully on the gold standard, and in 1971, the U.S. fully suspended it.9


CITATIONS:

1. AntheoEncyclopedia.com 2020

2.Scholastic.com 2021

3.NMMuseum.be 2021

4.Money.org 2021

5.Ancient.eu 2015

6.ForumScienceCoins.com accessed 2021

7.Time.com 2021

8.Grammarlist.com 2021

9.Britannica.com 2021


We may be reached at 800-916-9860

This material does not necessarily represent the views of the presenting party, nor their affiliates. All information is believed to be from reliable sources; however we make no representation as to its completeness or accuracy. Please note - investing involves risk, and past performance is no guarantee of future results. The publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional services. If assistance is needed, the reader is advised to engage the services of a competent professional. This information should not be construed as investment, tax or legal advice and may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any Federal tax penalty. This is neither a solicitation nor recommendation to purchase or sell any investment or insurance product or service, and should not be relied upon as such. All indices are unmanaged and are not illustrative of any particular investment.


  


Wednesday, February 7, 2024

How Boomers and Millenials Differ

 



We are in the midst of an unprecedented transfer of wealth, with trillions of dollars being moved from one generation to the next. This transfer challenges many commonly held notions as new values and interests become more prominent. In short, the economy is changing, and while some of these new practices might raise an eyebrow or two, not all of these ideas are without merit.

For someone from the boomer generation, it might be easy to become upset with or confused by millennials' differing points of view. However, taking note of the differences between the two generations can foster better communication and understanding.

The younger generations, including millennials, Gen Z, zoomers, and whatever else you call them, have a different perspective on wealth than their forebears. As these generations reach middle age, an interesting trend has emerged in emphasizing YOLO (You Only Live Once). Now that these generations have the steering wheel, they seem to be stepping on the gas and running full force into exciting, once-in-a-lifetime experiences.

At this point, it bears looking at the “why” of the YOLO economy. In other words, why do these forty-somethings spend as if there is no tomorrow?

Less money: Your average 40-year-old earns about $49,000 a year. While this is more than the 40-year-olds of the previous generation, the rising cost of living has taken a significant bite out of that difference.1

Less control: This generation also holds a smaller piece of the pie. While the post-WWII cohort controlled 22 percent of wealth in the United States once it reached middle age, millennials only controlled seven percent.2

Perhaps the biggest factor is less marriage: Middle-aged millennials are less likely to be married or start families than prior generations. Only 44 percent of millennials have walked down the aisle by age 40, compared to 61 percent for Generation X and 53 percent for baby boomers. Only 30 percent of millennials live with a spouse and at least one child, far lower than prior generations. This means that the expenses that come with a family are also off the table. If you aren’t married, the costs of a possible divorce are simply gone. Without children, you don’t have to pay for school clothes each fall, braces, and everything else that comes with helping a child grow up.3

The result is a very different economic picture for today’s middle-aged individuals. Consequently, all of these differences have informed a different set of values. Among millennials, 78 percent prefer spending money on experiences rather than material things. While prior generations may have placed more importance on things like home ownership, car purchases, and investments, millennials are looking at a different future with disparate priorities. For these reasons, spending on travel, exclusive events, and entertainment has become a priority.4

Of course, many boomers today find themselves in similar situations as middle-aged millennials. Most of the boomer generation is in their retirement, with their children growing and perhaps finding themselves needing further stimulation in their golden years. While many keep working part-time, start businesses, or help their families with childcare, there may be a pang of that YOLO spirit in them as well, and a similar yearning for adventure.

And for good reason. While their middle-age experiences may have been very different, there is no better time than now to take that big trip you’ve always thought about. Maybe it’s time to splurge on those expensive concert tickets or challenge yourself through a special adventure that always seemed impractical, like learning to SCUBA dive or skydive.

This might be too far for some, but it’s important to remember that wealth can serve us in two ways: providing security and allowing us to enjoy life. If you’ve been working hard with your financial professionals to pursue that security, maybe it’s time to talk to them about your need for enjoyment.

It’s also possible that the younger people in your family have done too much YOLO and not enough saving and investing. A conversation with a trusted financial professional may help them understand how to balance living for today and preparing for tomorrow.

CITATIONS

1. Businessinsider.com, February 22, 2023
2. Fortune.com, March 22, 2023
3. Pewresearch.org, October 19, 2023
4. Harris Interactive, October 19, 2023

We may be reached at 800-916-9860

This material does not necessarily represent the views of the presenting party, nor their affiliates. All information is believed to be from reliable sources; however we make no representation as to its completeness or accuracy. Please note - investing involves risk, and past performance is no guarantee of future results. The publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional services. If assistance is needed, the reader is advised to engage the services of a competent professional. This information should not be construed as investment, tax or legal advice and may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any Federal tax penalty. This is neither a solicitation nor recommendation to purchase or sell any investment or insurance product or service, and should not be relied upon as such. All indices are unmanaged and are not illustrative of any particular investment.